Anemia

Anemia occurs when you don't have enough healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen to your body's tissues. There are many types, each with different causes.

About 3 million Americans have anemia. It's the most common blood condition, affecting nearly 25% of the world.(Cleveland Clinic)

Key Insight

Hemoglobin alone doesn't tell you why you're anemic. Ferritin and MCV together reveal whether it's iron deficiency (low ferritin, low MCV), B12 deficiency (normal ferritin, high MCV), or chronic disease.

1Primary Biomarkers

Core diagnostic markers for anemia. These are used to diagnose and monitor your condition.

Hemoglobin

The oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells. Low hemoglobin defines anemia.

14-18 g/dL (men), 12-16 g/dL (women). Below 13 (men) or 12 (women) = anemia

Hematocrit

Percentage of blood volume made up of red blood cells.

40-54% (men), 36-48% (women)

MCV

Mean corpuscular volume - average size of red blood cells. Helps determine anemia type.

80-100 fL (normal). Low = iron deficiency. High = B12/folate deficiency

Red Blood Cell Count

Total number of red blood cells.

4.5-5.5 million/μL (men), 4.0-5.0 million/μL (women)

2Related Biomarkers

Anemia affects multiple body systems. Monitor these to catch complications early.

Iron Status

Iron deficiency is the most common cause of anemia worldwide

Ferritin

Best indicator of iron stores. Low ferritin confirms iron deficiency even before anemia develops.

30-300 ng/mL (men), 15-200 ng/mL (women). Below 30 suggests deficiency

Iron

Serum iron level. Low in iron deficiency anemia.

60-170 mcg/dL

TIBC

Total iron-binding capacity. High TIBC with low iron = iron deficiency.

250-370 mcg/dL

B Vitamins

B12 and folate deficiencies cause macrocytic anemia (large red blood cells)

Vitamin B12

Needed for red blood cell production. Deficiency causes neurological symptoms too.

200-900 pg/mL. Below 200 = deficiency

Folate

Essential for DNA synthesis and red blood cell formation.

Above 3 ng/mL

Chronic Disease Markers

Anemia of chronic disease is caused by inflammation from infections, cancer, or autoimmune conditions

CRP

Elevated in anemia of chronic disease. Distinguishes it from iron deficiency.

eGFR

Kidney disease causes anemia due to decreased EPO production.

Above 60 (no CKD)

3The Holistic View

Anemia is a symptom, not a diagnosis. Finding the cause is essential - is it iron deficiency from blood loss? B12 deficiency from absorption issues? Chronic disease? Kidney disease? Each has different treatment.

4Connected Conditions

Understanding how anemia connects to other conditions helps you see the bigger picture.

Track in LabLi

When you select Anemia as your health focus, these categories are prioritized in your dashboard:

CBCVitaminsKidneyInflammation

Medical References

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This guide is for educational purposes only. It is not medical advice. Always consult your healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment.